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# Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub

National Environmental Science Program

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://nespclimate.com.au/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Home](https://nespclimate.com.au/home/) - The ESCC Hub: understanding of Australia’s past, present and future climate to supply useful and accessible climate information for Australia.
- [Outreach publications](https://nespclimate.com.au/outreach-publications/) - Read about the Hub and our science in our outreach publications.
- [The Climate Systems Hub: Continuing on the work of the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub](https://nespclimate.com.au/the-climate-systems-hub-continuing-on-the-work-of-the-escc-hub/) - Australia’s climate science is world class. With globally recognised researchers across multiple fields and organisations, we have the expertise needed to address questions about the impact of climate change on our region. After 6 fruitful years the work of the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub Hub will be continued by the Climate Systems Hub.
- [Journal papers](https://nespclimate.com.au/journal-papers/) - 2021 Abram NJ, Henley BJ,Sen Gupta A, Lippmann TJR, Clarke H, Dowdy AJ, Sharples JJ, Nolan RH, Zhang T, Wooster MJ, Wurtzel JB, Meissner KJ, Pitman AJ, Ukkola AM, Murphy BP, Tapper NJ, Boer MM. 2021. Connections of climate change and variability to large and extreme forest fires in southeast Australia, Communications Earth & Environment,
- [National First Peoples Gathering on Climate Change 2021](https://nespclimate.com.au/nfpgcc/) - We're supporting the organisation and delivery of the National First Peoples Gathering on Climate Change to be held in 2020.
- [Towards a national climate services capability: Report to the National Climate Science Advisory Committee](https://nespclimate.com.au/towards-a-national-climate-services-capability/) - Climate variability and change pose risks to the Australian economy, environment and society. Market demand for climate risk guidance is growing in the public and private sectors. This demand is driven by government, business and community awareness of the physical risks and impacts of climate change and variability, including weather and climate-related natural disasters. A
- [Reports, books and book chapters](https://nespclimate.com.au/reports-books-and-book-chapters/) - Hub science is published in reports, books and book chapters.
- [Supporting the development of an Indigenous-led agenda on climate change knowledge and action](https://nespclimate.com.au/nfpgcc/) - We're supporting the organisation and delivery of the National First Peoples Gathering on Climate Change to be held in 2021.
- [Natural habitats for coastal protection and carbon sequestration](https://nespclimate.com.au/natural-habitats-for-coastal-protection-and-carbon-sequestration-project-5-9/) - PROJECT 5.9: We've conducted research into blue carbon ecosystems, coastal erosion and eco-engineering research and have developed the first Australian-based guidelines on nature-based methods for reducing risk from coastal hazard .
- [Governance and reporting](https://nespclimate.com.au/governance-and-reporting/) - General governance and reporting products for the Hub, including annual reports, research plans and strategies.
- [Developing and delivering improved climate change projections for Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/improved-climate-change-projections-project-5-3/) - PROJECT 5.3: We’ve enhanced the functionality of the current suite of national climate change projections and continued to develop the underpinning projections science and modelling capability required for a future major release of new national projections.
- [Changing extreme weather hazards](https://nespclimate.com.au/extreme-weather-hazards-in-a-changing-climate-project-5-5/) - Project 5.5: We’ve used observational data, climate models and statistical approaches to improve our understanding of current and future changes to extreme weather hazards, focusing on tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, east coast lows and bushfire weather.
- [Understanding Indigenous perspectives of climate risk](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-indigenous-perspectives-of-climate-risk/) - Understanding risk perceptions has the potential to set the foundation for new pathways of research collaboration.
- [Indigenous communities](https://nespclimate.com.au/indigenous-communities/) - The Hub engaged in a mutually beneficial two-way dialogue with Indigenous stakeholders to explore ways traditional knowledge can inform Hub research and determine what climate change information Indigenous communities need.
- [Financial services sector](https://nespclimate.com.au/financial-services-sector/) - The Hub worked with the Australian financial services sector to identify their needs and to develop and deliver a preliminary suite of data and information products and services to meet these needs.
- [Government authority agencies](https://nespclimate.com.au/government-authority-agencies/) - The Hub delivered climate change science information and products to government authority agencies.
- [Local government](https://nespclimate.com.au/local-government/) - The Hub delivered relevant and useable climate change science information and data to local governments.
- [State government](https://nespclimate.com.au/state-government/) - The Hub delivered information, guidance and training to state government stakeholders to enable the incorporation of climate change science into management policies and activities.
- [Designing climate change risk information standards for the financial services sector](https://nespclimate.com.au/designing-climate-change-risk-information-standards-for-the-financial-services-sector/) - We've supported the industry-led Climate Measurement Standards Initiative through the development of scientific principles and guidelines for standardised scenario analysis and reporting of physical climate risks.
- [Sea-level information for local government](https://nespclimate.com.au/sea-level-information-for-local-government/) - A new tool delivers sea-level rise projections for every coastal council in Australia.
- [Australia’s next generation of climate change projections: Report to the National Climate Science Advisory Committee](https://nespclimate.com.au/australias-next-generation-of-climate-change-projections/) - We've produced a report at the request of the National Climate Science Advisory Committee on a program of next-generation climate projections for Australia.
- [Making climate change projections information more accessible](https://nespclimate.com.au/making-climate-change-projections-information-more-accessible/) - We’re engaging with stakeholders to identify and implement ways to improve the accessibility of information on the Climate Change in Australia website.
- [Looking back on the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub](https://nespclimate.com.au/landofextremes/) - We've proudly launched our landmark synthesis report, 'Climate change in a land of extremes: Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub (2015-21).
- [Building capacity to use climate change information](https://nespclimate.com.au/building-capacity-to-use-climate-change-information/) - Our Climate Change 101 toolkit will help promote and facilitate the use of climate change information in impact assessments to inform policy and decision making.
- [Building understanding of climate change in the Northern Territory](https://nespclimate.com.au/building-understanding-of-climate-change-in-the-northern-territory/) - Working with the Northern Territory Government, we developed a comprehensive climate change science report that will help Territorians better understand climate change and how it impacts them.
- [Providing climate change science expertise into the National Disaster Risk Information Services Capability (NDRISC) Pilot Project](https://nespclimate.com.au/providing-climate-change-science-expertise-intot-the-national-disaster-risk-information-services-capability-pilot-project/) - CASE STUDY 5.7: Input by the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub into the National Disaster Risk Information Services Capability (NDRISC) Pilot Project Climate change is driving an increase in extreme weather, which in turn is leading to increased natural hazards and disaster risk across Australia. Many approaches to disaster risk reduction, such as design specifications
- [Making coastal hazards information more accessible](https://nespclimate.com.au/making-coastal-hazards-information-more-accessible/) - We supported the development of a portal that brings together information on an expanded range of coastal hazards.
- [Climate change information for the Gondwana Rainforests](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-change-information-for-the-gondwana-rainforests/) - The Hub has teamed up with Gondwana Rainforests WHA managers to co-produce climate data that will enable them plan and respond to current and future climate impacts.
- [Federal government](https://nespclimate.com.au/federal-government/) - The Hub delivered information and training to federal government stakeholders to assist with the effective incorporation of climate change science and information into government policies and activities.
- [Training: Using science-based climate change information](https://nespclimate.com.au/training-using-science-based-climate-change-information/) - This workshop provided participants with a better understanding of the climate system, an appreciation of climate change science, and the confidence to find and use science-based climate change information to inform decisions.
- [Training: Climate projections for impact assessment](https://nespclimate.com.au/training-climate-projections-for-impact-assessment/) - Climate projections for impact assessment is a two-day intensive program that takes participants through the process of identifying, understanding and applying climate change projections for impact assessment.
- [Informing planning for new climate change projections for Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/informing-planning-for-new-climate-change-projections-for-australia/) - We’ve prepared a report on a proposed development and implementation approach for the next generation of national and regional climate change projections for Australia.
- [Supporting integrated environmental assessment for northern Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/supporting-integrated-environmental-assessment-for-northern-australia/) - This collaborative project between all NESP Hubs will develop and demonstrate the value of a holistic approach to providing information for strategic decision-making for sustainable development.
- [Data products](https://nespclimate.com.au/data-products/) - Climate change in Australia This website provides the most comprehensive climate projections for Australia to date, with a range of options for exploring and downloading data. Visit website Sea level, waves and coastal extremes This website provides information about sea level (and what causes changes), waves, coastal extremes, and ocean energy, as well as information
- [Understanding ocean heat uptake](https://nespclimate.com.au/changing-oceans/) - PROJECT 2.4: We’ve used data collected from ocean monitoring (historical archives, Argo floats and research vessels) to improve understanding of past changes in ocean temperature and salinity. We also used this data to identify sources of bias in ocean heat update efficiency in climate models, as well as to examine the connection between ocean salinity changes and water balance over Australia.
- [Applying Australia's climate model](https://nespclimate.com.au/access-evaluation-and-application-5-1/) - PROJECT 5.1: We’re enhancing the utility of Australia's climate model, ACCESS, by using multiple versions of ACCESS to develop information on past and future climates.
- [National Centre for Coasts and Climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/national-centre-for-coasts-and-climate/) - PROJECT 2.11: We’ve established the National Centre for Coasts and Climate to work with stakeholders to identify the best ways of addressing climate change impacts in Australian coastal ecosystems. We have investigated how coastal vegetated habitats store carbon, how coastal erosion is changing, and have trialled ecological engineering solutions to enhance coastal protection.
- [Understanding coastal hazards](https://nespclimate.com.au/coastal-hazards/) - PROJECT 2.10: We’re improving our understanding of past sea level, storm surges and waves to develop projections for the future, so we can determine the physical impact these changes might have.
- [Assessing carbon sources and sinks](https://nespclimate.com.au/carbon-sources-and-sinks/) - PROJECT 2.9: We’ve developed models that we have used to assess the potential of revegetation and conservation activities in Australia to remove carbon from the atmosphere. We have also produce national and global carbon budget data products and have supported Australia's contribution to the Global Carbon Project.
- [Developing projections for weather extremes](https://nespclimate.com.au/extreme-weather-projections/) - PROJECT 2.8: We examined historical extreme events and their causes to better understand how, when and where extreme weather events occur. We also assessed the ability of climate models to simulate extreme weather events, and investigated the causes of projected future changes in extremes. We engaged with stakeholders to ensure project products were used to inform management and policy activities.
- [Supporting sustainability of Australia's future water resources](https://nespclimate.com.au/australias-water-futures/) - PROJECT 2.7: We’ve worked with state and federal government and water managers to identify gaps in hydroclimate metrics and improve climate-water modelling, and have developed methods to deliver next generation projections of future water availability and hydrologic variables or metrics important to the water and related sectors.
- [Improving accessibility of regional climate projections](https://nespclimate.com.au/regional-projections/) - PROJECT 2.6: We’ve improved confidence in projections, particularly rainfall projections; run targeted workshops, presentations and training to better identify user needs and help stakeholders access climate change information; and produced more targeted projection products for stakeholders to use in decision-making. 
- [Improving modelling of weather and climate extremes](https://nespclimate.com.au/improving-access/) - PROJECT 2.5: We’ve improved ACCESS’s simulation of important climate processes in the Australasian region, focusing on rainfall and weather extremes, as well as climate variability and change.
- [Decadal prediction and the predictability of marine heatwaves](https://nespclimate.com.au/decadal-prediction/) - PROJECT 2.3: We've made significant steps towards developing a decadal forecasting system and capability to fill the critical gap between seasonal climate predictions and multi-decadal climate projections. We’ve also improved understanding of marine heat wave trends, causes, the influence of human activities and the predictability of ocean temperature extremes over multi-year to decadal timescales. 
- [Understanding climate variability and extremes](https://nespclimate.com.au/managing-climate-variability-and-extremes/) - PROJECT 2.2: We’ve analysed past climate variability and extremes to enhance our understanding of the underpinning climate drivers, and shed light on the extent to which these extreme events are influenced by human activities.
- [International benchmarking of Australia's climate model](https://nespclimate.com.au/preparing-access-for-cmip6/) - PROJECT 2.1: We’ve updated Australia’s national climate model, the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS), so it can participate in CMIP6 and therefore be used by national and international climate researchers.
- [Marine and coastal climate services](https://nespclimate.com.au/marine-and-coastal-climate-services-project-5-8/) - PROJECT 5.8: We’ve improved understanding of how marine and coastal extremes are changing by analysing a range of coastal and near-shore variables, and have developed a suite of science-based data and information products and services tailored to the priority needs of coastal managers and decision-makers.
- [Understanding ocean change](https://nespclimate.com.au/tracking-ocean-change-project-5-7/) - PROJECT 5.7: We’ve improved and delivered high quality ocean data vital for continued assessments of ocean change and for improving the representation of oceans in climate models.
- [Developing an Australian carbon budget](https://nespclimate.com.au/carbon-budget-of-australia-and-possible-trajectories-project-5-6/) - PROJECT 5.6: We’ve continued to track Australia’s carbon sources and sinks and have developed a comprehensive carbon budget for Australia for the most recent decade, and how it may change in the future.
- [Water resources under a changing climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/water-resources-under-a-changing-climate-project-5-4/) - Project 5.4: We’ve developed a framework that will integrate climate and hydrological science and modelling to deliver next generation national projections of key surface water metrics.
- [Integrating western science and traditional knowledge to inform World Heritage property impact assessments](https://nespclimate.com.au/integrating-western-science-and-traditional-knowledge-world-heritage/) - We're working with World Heritage Area managers and Traditional Owners to ensure climate change adaptation is informed by western science and traditional knowledge
- [Understanding past, current and future climate variability and change](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-past-current-and-future-climate-variability-and-change-project-5-2/) - PROJECT 5.2: We’ve utilised the latest available observations and model outputs to better understand the drivers of Australia’s large-scale variability, their impacts on Australia’s climate and how these impacts may change in the future.
- [Changing bushfire risk under a warming climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/changing-bushfire-risk-under-a-warming-climate/) - Image: A pyrocumulonimbus cloud during the NSW Sir Ivan fires of 2017 (Image: Alex Ellinghausen) The Black Summer fires of 2019/20 caused devastating impacts to Australia’s communities, businesses, infrastructure and ecosystems. The images shown across national and international media outlets of sheltering communities, damaged infrastructure and distressed animals will long be remembered. As with the
- [Wide blue oceans and sandy beach shores: understanding our changing oceans and coasts](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-our-changing-oceans-and-coasts/) - We’ve all heard about the impacts of climate change to our oceans and coasts – from increasing ocean heat content to sea level rise to coastal erosion and inundation. Here at the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub we’ve contributed significantly to increasing scientific understanding of what these impacts might look like, where they might
- [How much CO2 can still be emitted? Carbon budgets explained](https://nespclimate.com.au/carbon-budgets-explainer/) - As our climate continues to warm, global carbon budgets are playing an increasingly important role in informing mitigation policy responses around the world.
- [Training](https://nespclimate.com.au/training/) - Climate projections for impact assessment was a two-day intensive course that took participants through the process of identifying, understanding and applying climate change projections for impact assessment.
- [Science webinars](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-webinars/) - The ESCC Hub science webinar series provided an opportunity to hear about the science being undertaken in the Hub, directly from the researchers.
- [Publications](https://nespclimate.com.au/publications/) - Journal papers Hub science is reported in peer-reviewed papers in leading scientific journals. Details of papers are added here as they become available. See journal papers>> Outreach publications The Hub has a series of brochures and fact sheets that report on our science in a largely non-technical format. Along with these publications, the Hub produced
- [The Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub](https://nespclimate.com.au/about-the-escc-hub/) - The Earth Systems and Climate Change (ESCC) Hub was established in 2015 and ran until mid 2021. The Hub was a partnership of Australia's leading Earth systems and climate change research institutions: CSIRO Bureau of Meteorology University of New South Wales Australian National University Monash University University of Melbourne University of Tasmania. The ESCC Hub
- [Australian Climate Change Science Program](https://nespclimate.com.au/accsp/) - The ESCC Hub builds on the legacy of the Australian Climate Change Science Program.
- [ESCC Hub support for early career researchers](https://nespclimate.com.au/escc-hub-support-for-early-career-researchers/) - The ESCC Hub PhD affiliate initiative offers post-graduate students access to unique academic and professional development opportunities .
- [Co-producing climate research to benefit water resource management in south-west Western Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/co-producing-climate-research-to-benefit-water-resource-management-in-south-west-western-australia/) - The climate of south-west Western Australia (SWWA) has experienced a long-term drying trend since the 1960s. Climate change projections indicate that rainfall will continue to decline across the region in the coming decades. Together with a warming climate, this will increase water stress in the region. The Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub collaborated with
- [Exploring climate variability and change and improving the utility of Australia’s national climate model, ACCESS](https://nespclimate.com.au/exploring-climate-variability-and-improving-australias-climate-model/) - 25 June 2021 Australia has a variable climate which is affected by large-scale variations in the global climate system, including El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole and the Southern Annular Mode. These drivers impact our climate by affecting rainfall patterns, drought, bushfire weather and floods. The ESCC Hub has conducted research to better understand
- [Informing the strategic direction of Australia's climate science research](https://nespclimate.com.au/informing-the-strategic-direction-of-australias-climate-science-research/) - We’ve prepared a report on a proposed development and implementation approach for a national climate service capability for Australia.
- [Australian guidelines for the implementation of nature-based methods for coastal hazard risk reduction](https://nespclimate.com.au/australian-guidelines-for-the-implementation-of-nature-based-methods-for-coastal-hazard-risk-reductio/) - We've filled a critical knowledge gap in coastal management by developing the first comprehensive guideline for nature-based methods for coastal protection specific to Australia.
- [Decades of ocean observations helping to unpick climate risks](https://nespclimate.com.au/ocean-observations-climate-risks/) - 6 April 2021 Rebecca Cowley, Chris Chapman and Thomas Moore, CSIRO The Southern Ocean has undergone rapid change over the past twenty-five years, with consequences for the global climate as well as for communities, for example, facing sea level rise. Ocean observations, including those analysed by the ESCC Hub, have found that an exceptionally large
- ['Flash droughts' can dry out soil in weeks. New research shows what they look like in Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/flash-drought-can-dry-out-soil-in-weeks/) - Tess Parker, Monash University and Ailie Gallant, Monash University At the tail end of winter in 2015, the ground in the Wimmera in northwestern Victoria had been a little dry but conditions weren’t too bad for farmers. The crop season was going well. The start of September looked promising. It was cool, and there were
- [New climate modelling from CMIP6 already delivering benefits to the science community](https://nespclimate.com.au/cmip6-delivering-benefits/) - 1 June 2021 Michael Grose (CSIRO) We sat down with climate projections scientist Dr Michael Grose to hear what the Hub’s been up to since the latest CMIP6 models were released in late 2019. Michael contributes towards ESCC Hub Project 5.3: Regional climate change projections science and delivery For a newcomer to the climate modelling
- [Big wet, long dry: 5 things to know about the Hub’s work on drought and water futures](https://nespclimate.com.au/big-wet-long-dry/) - The recent floods in 2020 and 2021 on Australia’s east coast were damaging and destructive. It’s easy to forget that they occurred just a year after a large and sustained drought which affected many of the same regions. As our climate continues to warm, the challenge of ‘too much’ or ‘too little’ water will be
- [Australia's future extratropical cyclones: fewer but wetter](https://nespclimate.com.au/australias-future-extratropical-cyclones-fewer-but-wetter/) - New Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub research shows that while deep cyclones are becoming less frequent, in a warmer world the most intense deep cyclones can produce a lot more rain. This could have serious implications for water security and floods in Australia's east coast.
- [Leadership and governance](https://nespclimate.com.au/leadership-and-governance/) - The ESCC Hub's activities are guided by the Hub Steering Committee, which meets quarterly. Additional perspective and guidance are provided by the Hub Stakeholder Advisory Group, which contains a cross-section of key next- and end-users of the Hub's research. Research and operational activities are managed by the Hub Leadership Team and Hub Program Management Team.
- [Refreshing the Climate Change in Australia website to make it easier to navigate and find the climate change projections information you need](https://nespclimate.com.au/refreshing-the-climate-change-in-australia-website/) - We've made it easier to find and use the climate change projections information, data and tools you need on the Climate Change in Australia website.
- [We’ve made progress to curb global emissions. But it’s a fraction of what’s needed](https://nespclimate.com.au/progress-curb-global-emissions/) - The Global Carbon Budget is supported in part through funding from the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub of the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program. Pep Canadell contributes to ESCC Hub Project 5.6. The global pandemic has seen an unprecedented drop in global emissions, with carbon dioxide down about 7% (or 2.6 billion tonnes)
- [Record 2020 spring temperature across Australia virtually impossible without human-caused climate change](https://nespclimate.com.au/record-2020-spring-event-attribution/) - How do researchers assess whether record temperatures were caused by climate change? They use a process called ‘extreme event attribution’. And they've just run an analysis for the record-breaking temperatures set in 2020.
- [Record drop in carbon emissions in 2020, but sustained decreases required to stabilise climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/global-carbon-budget-2020/) - The Global Carbon Budget, released today, has found that global fossil CO2 emissions in 2020 are expected to decline by approximately 7% in 2020.
- [Science webinar: Flash drought in Australia - rapid and devastating](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-webinar-flash-drought-in-australia-rapid-and-devastating/) - In this webinar, Tess Parker and Ailie Gallant from Monash University provide an overview of flash drought – what it is, how it works and what it means for the Australian environment.
- [Prepare for hotter days, says the State of the Climate 2020 report for Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/prepare-for-hotter-days-says-the-state-of-the-climate-2020-report-for-australia/) - November 2020 Michael Grose, CSIRO and Lynette Bettio, Australian Bureau of Meteorology Michael Grose (CSIRO) is Lead Chief Investigator of the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub Project 5.3: Regional climate change projections science and delivery This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article. The Australian State of
- [Science webinar: Informing climate change adaptation planning for the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-webinar-informing-climate-change-adaptation-planning-for-the-gondwana-rainforests-whas/) - In this webinar, Melinda Laidlaw (Qld Department of Environment and Science) and Sugata Narsey (Bureau of Meteorology) discuss the climate change information knowledge gaps identified for the Gondwana Rainforests WHA, the climate projections developed and demonstrate how the novel climate information resulting from this collaboration can inform adaptation planning.
- [How's your climate change literacy?](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-literacy/) - Climate weighed heavily on Australians' minds in 2020, whether we were talking extreme temperatures, drought or the 2019/20 Black Summer bushfires, or climate and air quality impacts like smoke and air pollution. The Earth Systems and Climate Hub, among other leading research organisations, has been helping to unpack some of the impacts of a changing
- [New research: nitrous oxide emissions 300 times more powerful than CO₂ are jeopardising Earth's future](https://nespclimate.com.au/new-research-nitrous-oxide-emissions-300-times-more-powerful-than-co₂-are-jeopardising-earths-future/) - Pep Canadell, CSIRO; Eric Davidson, University of Maryland, Baltimore; Glen Peters, Center for International Climate and Environment Research - Oslo; Hanqin Tian, Auburn University; Michael Prather, University of California, Irvine; Paul Krummel, CSIRO; Rob Jackson, Stanford University; Rona Thompson, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, and Wilfried Winiwarter, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Nitrous
- [Demonstrating a sovereign climate risk capability through collaboration with the Australian financial services sector](https://nespclimate.com.au/demonstrating-a-sovereign-climate-risk-capability-through-collaboration-with-the-finance-sector/) - In early September the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub, in collaboration with Engineers Australia and the Actuaries Institute, hosted a virtual expo to conceptually scope out how a sovereign climate risk capability for Australia could function.
- [2019: The case of the missing lows](https://nespclimate.com.au/2019-the-case-of-the-missing-lows/) - New Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub research shows that the number of lows in southern Australia during 2019 was about half the number we expect in a normal year and the fewest recorded in at least 50 years.
- [Informing World Heritage Area climate change adaptation planning](https://nespclimate.com.au/informing-world-heritage-area-climate-change-adaptation-planning/) - We're developing climate change projections to inform the development of a climate change adaptation plan for the Gondwana Rainforests WHA.
- [Science webinar: Scenario analysis of climate-related physical risk for buildings and infrastructure - Guidelines from the Climate Measurement Standards Initiative](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-webinar-scenario-analysis-of-climate-related-physical-risk-2/) - In this webinar, our presenters provide an overview of the Climate Measurement Standards Initiative, including financial disclosure of climate risks and key acute and chronic climate hazards that can be important for exposure of infrastructure and other sectors.
- [Climate change science informs new Australian guidelines for consistent climate risk assessments and disclosures](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-science-informs-australian-guidelines-for-climate-risk-assessments-and-disclosures/) - The Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub has provided scientific expertise to inform the industry-led Climate Measurement Standards Initiative. The initiative has released a set of open-source scientific and technical guidelines that will provide consistent guidance on how to assess the risk of climate-related damage to buildings and critical infrastructure.
- [Science webinar: 'TasLab Engage': Industry engagement to identify climate sensitive decisions on multi-year timescales](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-webinar-industry-engagement-to-identify-climate-sensitive-decisions/) - In this webinar, Dr Carly Tozer (CSIRO) discusses the outcomes of the 'TasLab Engage' case study which collected valuable Tasmanian stakeholder information to contribute to the development of multi-year to decadal forecasts for Australia. Carly will discuss the stakeholder engagement process, key findings and new understandings about the decisions stakeholders make on annual to multi-year timescales that can be influenced by climate outcomes.
- [CLIMATE 2020](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate2021/) - See updates about this event showcasing the latest Australian climate change science and its role in identifying and managing Australia's climate challenges.
- [Emissions of methane – a greenhouse gas far more potent than carbon dioxide – are rising dangerously](https://nespclimate.com.au/emissions-of-methane-a-greenhouse-gas-far-more-potent-than-carbon-dioxide-are-rising-dangerously/) - Methane emissions have continued to rise over the past decade and are tracking concentrations consistent with the warmest IPCC scenario.
- [Understanding shoreline change on the Victorian coast](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-shoreline-change-on-the-victorian-coast/) - Understanding trends and changes in erosion rates for coastal locations is important for informing coastal management and planning activities. The Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub is investigating shoreline change in Victoria through the National Centre for Coasts and Climate. Historic shoreline change for nine coastal areas in Victoria was investigated, with results summarised in a series of location-based fact sheets.
- [Under climate change, winter will be the best time for bush burn-offs – and that could be bad news for public health](https://nespclimate.com.au/under-climate-change-winter-will-be-the-best-time-for-bush-burn-offs/) - Climate change may actually increase the number of burn days in some places, but the windows of opportunity will shift towards winter months. The bad news is that burning during these months potentially increases the public health impacts of smoke.
- [Science webinar: Building partnerships for robust climate risk assessments - why, what, how, when?](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-webinar-building-partnerships-for-robust-climate-risk-assessments/) - In this webinar, ESCC Hub leader Professor David Karoly uses the Hub developed climate toolkit to provide an overview of why and what climate change information can be used for informing robust risk and impact assessments. David also discusses how and when to use climate information in decision making, using a number of current Hub case studies and engagements as examples. 
- [Understanding climate change impacts on mangoes in the Northern Territory](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-change-impacts-in-the-northern-territory-mango-industry/) - We're working with the Northern Territory Government and mango industry to determine the impact of climate change of mango flowering.
- [Understanding changing climate cues for Northern Territory mango production](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-changing-climate-cues-for-northern-territory-mango-production/) - An assessment on the impact of warming on temperature cues for mango flowering is giving Northern Territory mango producers new information for planning for the future.
- [Mapping users and providers within Australia’s climate services capability](https://nespclimate.com.au/mapping-users-and-providers-within-australias-climate-services-capability/) - The climate services sector in Australia has changed rapidly over the last few years. This study maps the current climate services capabilities in Australia, capturing information from both providers and users of climate services.
- [Science webinar: Understanding the impact of climate change on the Northern Territory mango industry](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-webinar-understanding-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-the-nt-mango-industry/) - In this webinar, Mandy Hopkins (ESCC Hub) and Maddison Clonan (NT DPIR) talk about how an assessment of the climate change impacts on the NT mango industry was carried out, what they found, how it can inform the industry and how the assessment process can be applied to other commodities and sectors.
- [Which east coast lows are the rainiest?](https://nespclimate.com.au/which-east-coast-lows-are-the-rainiest/) - New Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub research published in the Journal of Climate investigates how we can better understand which east coast lows cause the most severe impacts.
- [Science update: Australian Drought - How will it be impacted by El Niño-Southern Oscillation over the coming century?](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-update-australian-drought-how-will-it-be-impacted-by-el-nino-southern-oscillation/) - ESCC Hub research have examined the impact of global warming on the frequency of dry conditions over Australia, and how ENSO and global warming combine and interact to cause the dry conditions.
- [Science to inform growth, progress and investment decisions for northern development](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-to-inform-growth-progress-and-investment-decisions-for-northern-development/) - We recently travelled to Alice Springs to talk to delegates at the Developing Northern Australia 2018 conference about how the Hub’s science can inform policy and planning decisions in the north.
- [Climate change science for Northern Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-change-science-for-northern-australia/) - Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub research is providing climate change information that can inform management and policy decisions in Northern Australia.
- [How will rainfall change in Northern Australia over this century?](https://nespclimate.com.au/how-will-rainfall-change-in-northern-australia-over-this-century/) - Hub researchers are investigating the processes that influence rainfall in northern Australia, so we can better understand how they are changing and what this means for the timing and amount of rainfall.
- [Planning for climate change in Gondwana Rainforests of Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/planning-for-climate-change-in-gondwana-rainforests-of-australia/) - The Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub is working with the managers of the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area to provide climate change information to assist with planning and decision making.
- [Planning for climate change in Shark Bay](https://nespclimate.com.au/planning-for-climate-change-in-shark-bay/) - The Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub is working with the Shark Bay World Heritage Area Advisory Committee to provide climate change information to inform the ongoing management of this unique region.
- [Facilitating integration of western science and traditional knowledge](https://nespclimate.com.au/supporting-a-national-dialogue-on-the-climate-change-science-needs-of-indigenous-communities-2/) - We supported the participation of Traditional Owners in the AMOS 2020 conference so they could share their experiences of climate on country.
- [Supporting communication of climate change science to Indigenous communities](https://nespclimate.com.au/supporting-communication-of-climate-change-science-to-indigenous-communities/) - Working with a traditional owner group, we developed a package of introductory climate change information for use in outreach activities.
- [Supporting a national dialogue on the climate change science needs of Indigenous communities](https://nespclimate.com.au/supporting-a-national-dialogue-on-the-climate-change-science-needs-of-indigenous-communities/) - Working with traditional owners, we convened the National Indigenous Climate Dialogue Workshop to facilitate discussion between traditional owners and climate researchers.
- [Coronavirus is a 'sliding doors' moment. What we do now could change Earth's trajectory](https://nespclimate.com.au/coronavirus-is-a-sliding-doors-moment-what-we-do-now-could-change-earths-trajectory/) - COVID-19 has affected global emissions in six economic sectors, with a significant decline in daily global emissions. Total daily emissions in early April were similar to those observed in 2006.
- [Making cents of climate change with the NT mango industry](https://nespclimate.com.au/making-cents-of-climate-change-with-the-nt-mango-industry/) - The impact of climate change and mango production were on the agenda at a recent workshop with mango industry representatives in Darwin.
- [Science webinar: Insights into Australia’s future climate from new global climate modelling](https://nespclimate.com.au/insights-into-australias-future-climate-from-new-global-climate-modelling/) - In this webinar, ESCC Hub researchers Dr Michael Grose and Sugata Narsey will summarise and highlight the Hub’s analysis and studies of the CMIP6 climate model simulations just released, with a focus on climate projections for Australia.
- [Just how hot will it get this century? Latest climate models suggest it could be worse than we thought](https://nespclimate.com.au/just-how-hot-will-it-get-this-century-latest-climate-models-suggest-it-could-be-worse-than-we-thought/) - Mathematical models are used to project the Earth’s future under a warming world, but a group of the latest models have included unexpectedly high values for “climate sensitivity”.
- [Knowledge Exchange: Science and Services Supporting Climate Action](https://nespclimate.com.au/knowledge-exchange-science-and-services-supporting-climate-action/) - The March 2020 workshop ‘Knowledge Exchange: Services and Science Supporting Climate Action’ aimed to share information between EU and Australia to inform best-practice approaches to developing a national climate intelligence capability for Australia. The workshop report is now available.
- [Science webinar: Overview of the IPCC Special Report on the Oceans and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/overview-of-the-ipcc-special-report-on-the-oceans-and-cryosphere-in-a-changing-climate/) - In this webinar, ESCC Hub researcher Professor Nathan Bindoff (University of Tasmania) summarises and highlights the significance of key findings from the IPCC Special Report on the Oceans and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate for the oceans and polar regions, and for Australia.
- [What are climate change science and services worth?](https://nespclimate.com.au/what-are-climate-change-science-and-services-worth/) - Hub researchers have developed a conceptual cost-benefit framework to measure the economic value of the Hub’s research outputs to the Australian economy and society more generally.
- [Determining the return on investment of Earth systems and climate change science](https://nespclimate.com.au/determining-the-return-on-investment-of-earth-systems-and-climate-change-science/) - We’re developing a conceptual cost-benefit framework designed to measure the short to long-term value of the Hub’s research outputs to the Australian economy and society more generally.
- [Understanding Tasmania’s climate sensitivities and information needs](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-tasmanias-climate-sensitivities-and-information-needs/) - We’ve supporting TasLab Engage, an initiative to facilitate engagement between Tasmanian industry groups and scientists to identify relevant climate information needs.
- [Research to inform coastal protection solutions under a changing climate: synthesis brochures](https://nespclimate.com.au/research-to-inform-coastal-protection-solutions-under-a-changing-climate-synthesis-brochures/) - The National Centre for Coasts and Climate, through the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub, has undertaken research to improve knowledge and resources on blue carbon ecosystems, coastal erosion and eco-engineering coastal defence solutions.
- [Government review of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis](https://nespclimate.com.au/government-review-of-the-ipcc-sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/) - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is currently undergoing the government review process for Working Group I (the Physical Science Basis) of its Sixth Assessment Report. Three science presentations are provided by report authors to assist reviewers to understand the key science topics and issues that might be covered in the report.
- [Science webinar: Impacts of climate change and variability on ocean waves](https://nespclimate.com.au/impacts-of-climate-change-and-variability-on-ocean-waves/) - In this webinar, ESCC Hub researchers Eng. Joao Morim and Dr Andrew Marshall discuss the impacts of climate change and variability on wind-forced waves, to inform the next generation of Australian coastal climate projections towards improved coastal planning and management.
- [Co-design, cross-cultural communication and climate change](https://nespclimate.com.au/co-design-cross-cultural-communication-and-climate-change/) - A recent workshop to discuss collaboration between researchers and First Nations peoples identified nine important considerations for co-designing research.
- [Identifying climate change information needs for Gondwana Rainforests of Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/identifying-climate-change-information-needs-for-gondwana-rainforests/) - We carried out a case study to identify climate change science information needed to inform management of the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area.
- [Science webinar: Disentangling environmental and human drivers of carbon dioxide uptake and release on land](https://nespclimate.com.au/disentangling-environmental-and-human-drivers-of-carbon-dioxide-uptake-and-release-on-land/) - In this webinar, Dr Vanessa Haverd (CSIRO) provides an overview of the land carbon cycle, including the natural and human-induced sources and sinks. She also describes the role and performance of an Australian land-surface model, and presents results focusing on the contributions of carbon dioxide fertilisation versus land-use change to the net land carbon sink.
- [ACCESS all areas: a closer look at Australia’s national climate model](https://nespclimate.com.au/access-all-areas-a-closer-look-at-australias-national-climate-model/) - Australia's national climate model is an important tool for helping us to understand our past, current and future climate––but what exactly is ACCESS?
- [Canberra: A Perfect Storm – a hypothetical climate change challenge for Canberra’s young professionals](https://nespclimate.com.au/canberra-a-perfect-storm-a-hypothetical-climate-change-challenge-for-canberras-young-professionals/) - Early career researchers, government policymakers, consultants, and health and emergency sector workers met recently in Canberra to consider how they would respond to a hypothetical climate change scenario.
- [Carbon emissions will reach 37 billion tonnes in 2018, a record high](https://nespclimate.com.au/carbon-emissions-will-reach-37-billion-tonnes-in-2018-a-record-high/) - 06 December 2018 Pep Canadell, Corinne Le Quéré, Glen Peters, Robbie Andrew and Rob Jackson Pep Canadell is the Lead Chief Investigator in the ESCC Hub’s Project 2.9: Risk assessment of future carbon sources and sinks, which is contributes to the assessment of the global carbon dioxide budget. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from fossil fuels
- [Science update: Increasing our understanding of global-scale climate through climate models](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-update-increasing-our-understanding-of-global-scale-climate-through-climate-models/) - ESCC Hub research over the past three years under Project 2.2 used Australian-developed climate models, such as the Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator (ACCESS) to investigate the role of the Pacific Ocean in global warming, and how changes in the South Pacific Ocean can impact the Tropical Pacific.
- [Global emissions to hit 36.8 billion tonnes, beating last year's record high](https://nespclimate.com.au/global-emissions-to-hit-36-8-billion-tonnes-beating-last-years-record-high/) - 4 December 2019 Pep Canadell, Corinne Le Quéré, Glen Peters, Pierre Friedlingstein, Robbie Andrew, Rob Jackson, and Vanessa Haverd. Pep Canadell and Vanessa Haverd contribute to ESCC Hub Project 5.6. Global emissions for 2019 are predicted to hit 36.8 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂), setting yet another all-time record. This disturbing result means emissions
- [Climate change will make fire storms more likely in southeastern Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-change-will-make-fire-storms-more-likely-in-southeastern-australia/) - Firestorms are (pyrocumulonimbus bushfires) are fires so intense they create their own thunderstorms, extreme winds, black hail, and lightning. Human-caused climate change has already resulted in more dangerous weather conditions for bushfires in recent decades for many regions of Australia. This article outlines research which shows that from 2060 onwards, sharp increases in dangerous fire days across southeast Australia that coincided with atmospheric conditions primed to generate firestorms are projected. These extremely dangerous days also shifted across seasons, starting to appear in late spring.
- [Nitrogen fertilisers are incredibly efficient, but they make climate change a lot worse](https://nespclimate.com.au/nitrogen-fertilisers-are-incredibly-efficient-but-they-make-climate-change-a-lot-worse/) - Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is the third-most-important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane. Human-driven N₂O emissions have been growing unabated for many decades, but we may have been seriously underestimating by just how much. In a paper published today in Nature Climate Change, we found global emissions are higher and growing faster than are being reported.
- [Science webinar: Ensuring Australian climate model simulations inform global climate assessments](https://nespclimate.com.au/ensuring-australian-climate-model-simulations-inform-global-assessments/) - In this webinar, Dr Simon Marsland discusses the process for submitting climate model simulations, including simulations from Australia's national climate model, ACCESS, into the international WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) so they are accessible by researchers across the global and inform important global assessments of the climate, such as the IPCC Assessment Reports.
- [New information on extreme weather and natural hazards in our changing climate – synthesis brochures of the latest knowledge and ESCC Hub research](https://nespclimate.com.au/new-information-on-extreme-weather-and-natural-hazards-in-our-changing-climate/) - The Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub has produced four synthesis brochures outlining the latest knowledge and Hub research on extreme weather events, including tropical cyclones, east coast lows, bushfires and thunderstorms, and how these events may change in the future as our climate continues to warm.
- [Science webinar: Understanding past and future extreme events and their causes](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-past-and-future-extreme-events-and-their-cause/) - In this webinar, Dr Pandora Hope from the Bureau of Meteorology provides an overview of the latest extreme event attribution science, discusses results from a number of case studies across Australia and hints at where future research might lead.
- [Science webinar: Australia’s boundary current pathways to the deep ocean](https://nespclimate.com.au/australias-boundary-current-pathways-to-the-deep-ocean/) - In this webinar, Dr Helen Phillips (University of Tasmania) introduces the ocean’s role in the climate system, and how it draws down heat from the atmosphere. She also discusses new understanding of the Leeuwin Current and South Australian Current systems, and their role in the global ocean circulation.
- [IPCC flags risks and response options for polar and ocean environments in latest report](https://nespclimate.com.au/ipcc-flags-risks-and-response-options-for-polar-and-ocean-environments-in-latest-report/) - The recent IPCC Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate provides updated science on how polar regions, mountains, oceans and coasts are being affected by the changing climate faster than previously thought, with serious implications for sea-level rise and ocean ecosystems.
- [Making Australia's national climate change projections mobile-friendly](https://nespclimate.com.au/making-australias-national-climate-change-projections-mobile-friendly/) - We developed a prototype smartphone app to provide access to climate change projections for Australia.
- [Science webinar: Assessing future climate risks and adaptation options for Australian water systems](https://nespclimate.com.au/assessing-future-climate-risks-and-adaptation-options-for-australian-water-systems/) - In this webinar, Michelle Ho from the CSIRO discusses how a robust (bottom-up) assessment approach known as ‘decision scaling’ can be used to assess future climate risks and adaptation options for a variety of water systems, including the lower Murray-Darling Basin.
- [A landmark report confirms Australia is girt by hotter, higher seas. But there’s still time to act](https://nespclimate.com.au/a-landmark-report-confirms-australia-is-girt-by-hotter-higher-seas-but-theres-still-time-to-act/) - The IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC for short) was released last week, and confirms climate change related impacts are occurring in the seas at an unprecedented rate with serious implications for Australia. ESCC Hub research informed the findings of the report.
- [Science update: What does the future hold for El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole?](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-update-what-does-the-future-hold-for-el-nino-southern-oscillation-and-the-indian-ocean-dipole/) - ESCC Hub research over the past three years under Project 2.2 has investigated how important Australian climate drivers such as ENSO and the IOD will respond to climate change in the future. They also looked at how the risks of extreme El Niño events may change into the future.
- [Science update: Understanding the role of climate change in climate extremes](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-update-understanding-the-role-of-climate-change-in-climate-extremes/) - ESCC Hub research over the past three years under Project 2.2 has investigated the causes behind recent extreme climate events, including the contribution of human-caused climate change. The project team has worked to advance the scientific field of 'detection and attribution' of extreme events.
- [Science webinar: Tropical cyclones in the Australian region - past, present and future](https://nespclimate.com.au/tropical-cyclones-in-the-australian-region/) - In this webinar, Tony Rafter (CSIRO) outlines current understanding of historical tropical cyclone behaviour, recent trends in the Australian region and future trends. He also demonstrates how a new interactive web tool developed through the ESCC Hub – the Tropical Cyclone Projections Portal – is helping us understand and communicate potential changes in tropical cyclone frequency and location in future climates.
- [Climate change may change the way ocean waves impact 50% of the world’s coastlines](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-change-may-change-the-way-ocean-waves-impact-50-of-the-worlds-coastlines/) - 20 August 2019 Mark Hemer, Ian Young, Joao Morim Nascimento and Nobuhito Mori Mark Hemer and Joao Morim Nascimento contribute to ESCC Hub Projects 2.10 and 5.8. Joao is completing his PhD at Griffith University under the Mark's supervision and is part of the Hub’s PhD Affiliation Initiative. The rise in sea levels is not
- [Understanding finance sector climate change information needs](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-finance-sector-climate-change-information-needs/) - We’re identifying the science-based climate change data and information needs of the Australian banking and finance sector and examining options for tailoring projections and other products.
- [Financial risk and liability: why understanding climate change is important for corporate Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/financial-risk-and-liability/) - Corporate Australia will need to draw on climate change science and technical support from credible sources to better understand and address climate risk.
- [Science webinar: The causes of coastal erosion](https://nespclimate.com.au/the-causes-of-coastal-erosion/) - In this webinar, Associate Professor David Kennedy discusses the current state of knowledge on beach and dune landform dynamics. He draws on a range of examples from around Australia exploring the decadal timescales on which beaches operate and how this impacts coastal erosion management decisions.
- [Increased future bushfire risk under a changing climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/increased-future-bushfire-risk-under-climate-change/) - New Hub research investigates whether bush fire conditions will become more dangerous across Australia in the future as the climate continues to change.
- [Setting and smashing extreme temperature records over the coming century](https://nespclimate.com.au/setting-and-smashing-extreme-temperature-records-over-the-coming-century/) - New ESCC Hub research published in Nature Climate Change examines future high monthly mean temperature records that will be so extreme they will not have been experienced previously. It provides projections of the rate of extreme temperature record setting and record ‘smashing’ (when a record exceeds the previous record by a large amount) over the coming century.
- [Science webinar: The IPCC process and our changing oceans, ecosystems and human communities](https://nespclimate.com.au/the-ipcc-process-and-our-changing-oceans/) - In this seminar, Professor Nathan Bindoff describes the IPCC processes and discusses some of the new and emerging research around our changing oceans.
- [Science webinar: What causes marine heatwaves and how are they changing?](https://nespclimate.com.au/what-causes-marine-heatwaves-and-how-are-they-changing/) - In this webinar, Professor Neil Holbrook discusses our understanding of ocean temperature extremes and marine heatwaves globally and regionally, including some of the more significant marine heatwave events observed around the world in recent years, their impacts and what caused them.
- [Turning methane into carbon dioxide could help us fight climate change](https://nespclimate.com.au/turning-methane-into-carbon-dioxide-could-help-us-fight-climate-change/) - Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-induced climate change. A new technique could restore methane concentrations to pre-industrial levels.
- [Extremes and disaster risk management](https://nespclimate.com.au/extremes-and-disaster-risk-management/) - The challenge Extreme events such as bushfires, floods and storms are a feature of Australia's variable climate. They have far-reaching costs, ranging from financial costs to governments, businesses and households, to environmental impacts, to physical and psychological impacts on individuals. In a changing climate extreme events are likely to become more severe and/or frequent, with
- [Changes in coastal climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/changes-in-coastal-climate/) - The challenge Australia's coastal zone is economically, culturally, socially and environmentally important. Most of Australia's population and infrastructure is located here, along with a range of unique coastal and marine ecosystems. In a changing climate Australia's coasts are vulnerable to rising sea levels, more frequent and intense storms, ocean acidification and changes in rainfall, run-off,
- [Carbon cycle and future warming](https://nespclimate.com.au/carbon-cycle-and-future-warming/) - The challenge Limiting future global climate change requires substantial and sustained reductions in net greenhouse gases emissions. We are still determining the best way to manage the carbon budget to reduce emissions, increase carbon sinks and protect existing carbon stocks, while managing feedbacks in the climate system. How the ESCC Hub is meeting the challenge
- [Hydroclimate and water resources](https://nespclimate.com.au/hydroclimate-and-water-resources/) - The challenge Australia is the driest inhabited continent. Our highly variable rainfall, soil moisture, rivers and dams provide the water we rely on to grow food, generate electricity, stay healthy and generally maintain our society, economy and environment. In a changing climate water availability and quality are likely to be affected by changing rainfall patterns
- [Food security, ecosystems and natural resource management](https://nespclimate.com.au/food-security-ecosystems-and-nrm/) - The challenge Australia's primary industries provide quality food and resources that contribute to our health and wellbeing, and to our economy. Our unique and varied ecosystems have intrinsic value and provide essential ecosystem services. In a changing climate primary industries and the environment are vulnerable to rising temperature, changes in rainfall, more frequent and severe
- [Co-designing research to meet water resources management needs](https://nespclimate.com.au/co-designing-research-to-meet-water-resources-management-needs/) - Collaboration with the Western Australian Department of Water and Environmental Regulation is informing the Hub's research and information delivery.
- [Communicating climate change in south-west Western Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/communicating-climate-change-in-south-west-western-australia/) - We prepared communication materials for the Western Australian Government to convey the latest climate change science to their stakeholders, with a focus on rainfall in south-west Western Australia.
- [Understanding information needs for carbon policy](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-information-needs-for-carbon-policy/) - We identified information gaps that need to be filled to support carbon policy.
- [State of the Climate 2018: Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO](https://nespclimate.com.au/state-of-the-climate-2018-bureau-of-meteorology-and-csiro/) - 20 December 2018 Michael Grose and Lynette Bettio Michael Grose is the Lead Chief Investigator in the ESCC Hub’s Project 2.6: Regional climate projections science, information and services, which is contributed to State of the Climate 2018. State of the Climate 2018 is the latest biennial snapshot of climate change in Australia. It focuses on
- [Improving coastal inundation models for adaptation planning](https://nespclimate.com.au/improving-coastal-inundation-models-for-adaptation-planning/) - We worked with Data61 and the City of Greater Geelong to determine how the Hub’s work on coastal extremes could feed into development of a coastal inundation tool.
- [Understanding local government’s climate change information needs](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-local-governments-climate-change-information-needs/) - We carried out a small case study to guide the development and delivery of climate change information for local government.
- [Understanding climate change impacts on Torres Strait fisheries and marine ecosystems](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-climate-change-impacts-on-torres-strait-fisheries-and-marine-ecosystems/) - We partnered with the Torres Strait Regional Authority to gather together climate change, marine and fisheries scientists, fisheries managers and traditional owners to discuss the implications of climate change on fisheries and marine ecosystems in the region.
- [Assessing current capability and future directions](https://nespclimate.com.au/current-capability-and-future-directions-assessment/) - PROJECT 1.1: Current capability and future directions assessment To date Australian climate change research has delivered excellent, peer-reviewed science which is available for stakeholders through tools such as the Climate Change in Australia website. Increasingly governments at all levels, agriculture and business need more tailored information to inform decision-making. To guide the direction of its
- [Developing local government sea-level projections](https://nespclimate.com.au/sea-level-projections/) - PROJECT 2.12: Sea-level projections for NCCARF The National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) developed CoastAdapt, a coastal climate risk management tool, which provides practical guidance on how to manage the risks from climate change and sea-level rise, together with the associated physical, social and economic risks. In a project jointly funded by NCCARF, we
- [Supporting understanding of climate adaptation in Tiwi Island communities](https://nespclimate.com.au/supporting-understanding-of-climate-adaptation-in-tiwi-island-communities/) - Working with the Tiwi Land Council we supported a workshop to educate local communities about climate adaptation.
- [Bringing together next generation risk managers and climate scientists](https://nespclimate.com.au/bringing-together-next-generation-risk-managers-and-climate-scientists/) - We recently brought together young risk management professionals and early career climate scientists to build professional networks and increase awareness and understanding at both ends of the decision-making spectrum.
- [Young professionals join forces to meet a (hypothetical) insurance challenge](https://nespclimate.com.au/young-professionals-join-forces-to-meet-a-hypothetical-insurance-challenge/) - Early career climate change researchers, engineers, actuaries, modellers, engineers and policy advisors recently gathered in Sydney at the third of the Hub’s young professional forum events.
- [Shark Bay: A World Heritage Site at catastrophic risk](https://nespclimate.com.au/shark-bay-a-world-heritage-site-at-catastrophic-risk/) - 8 February 2019 Matthew Fraser, Ana Sequeira, Brendan Paul Burns, Diana Walker, Jon C. Day and Scott Heron The ESCC Hub is working with World Heritage Site Committees to provide the best possible climate change science to support management of Australia's world heritage areas, including Shark Bay. The devastating bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef
- [Assisting uptake of climate change information by local government](https://nespclimate.com.au/assisting-uptake-of-climate-change-information-by-local-government/) - A small pilot study looking at how local councils access and use climate change science in planning and decision making has identified the need for a simple guideline to help make the most of existing climate change information.
- [El Niño has rapidly become stronger and stranger, according to coral records](https://nespclimate.com.au/el-nino-has-rapidly-become-stronger-and-stranger-according-to-coral-records/) - The pattern of El Niño has changed dramatically in recent years, according to the first seasonal record distinguishing different types of El Niño events over the last 400 years.
- [Marine heatwaves: changes, causes and impacts](https://nespclimate.com.au/marine-heatwaves-changes-causes-and-impacts/) - Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub researchers are working collaboratively with other research organisations to better understand how and why marine heatwaves are changing and their impacts on ecosystems and industries.
- [Science webinar: Understanding future extreme sea levels - tools and information to support coastal management](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-future-extreme-sea-levels-tools-and-information-to-support-coastal-management/) - In this webinar, Dr Julian O’Grady provides an overview of the latest science on extreme sea levels, and gives a brief demonstration of the newly released Canute3.0 tool to estimate the frequency of future extreme water levels.
- [Science webinar: Climate Thresholds - an easy way to explore future climate extremes](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-thresholds-an-easy-way-to-explore-future-climate-extremes/) - In this webinar John Clarke provided a demonstration of the Thresholds Calculator tool within the Climate Change in Australia website to estimate the frequency of future hot, cold, wet and dry extremes under different emissions scenarios.
- [Improving tropical rainfall simulation in our national climate model](https://nespclimate.com.au/improving-tropical-rainfall-simulations-in-our-national-climate-model/) - Realistically simulating rainfall, especially tropical rainfall, remains a significant challenge for national and international researchers when developing climate models. Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub researchers now have an improved understanding of how convection schemes within ACCESS work to improve the skill of our climate models in simulating tropical rainfall.
- [Long term trends and future projections of rainfall in Southern Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/long-term-trends-and-future-projections-of-rainfall-in-southern-australia/) - Hub researchers are continuing to develop our understanding of the processes driving southern Australia’s rainfall, including the causes of our declining winter rainfall, the seasonality of rainfall, and the occurrence of extreme rainfall in southern Australia.
- [Science webinar: The impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall in a warming world](https://nespclimate.com.au/the-impact-of-enso-on-rainfall-in-a-warming-world/) - In this webinar, Dr Scott Power discusses significant advances in our understanding of current and future ENSO and rainfall variability based on research undertaken within the ESCC Hub using numerous climate models from around the world.
- [Science webinar: Australia’s national climate model (ACCESS): Development and application](https://nespclimate.com.au/australias-national-climate-model-access-development-and-application/) - In this webinar, Dr Harun Rashid talks about building the ACCESS climate model, improvements to the atmospheric model component of ACCESS, research results and preparation of ACCESS for submission to CMIP6.
- [Past and current climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/past-and-current-climate/) - We're improving our observations and understanding of past and current climate by: using observations of greenhouse gases and the Australian regional carbon budget to track changes and improve our understanding of how the different components of the natural and human elements of the carbon cycle interact and influence each other. identifying how the different scale
- [Science webinar: Water futures under climate change – science, applications and challenges](https://nespclimate.com.au/water-futures-under-climate-change-science-applications-and-challenges/) - In this webinar, Dr Francis Chiew will present methods and projections of future water availability in Australia. He will discuss the challenges and opportunities in modelling, and potential approaches to incorporate consideration of climate change in water management and planning.
- [Early career researchers boost communication skills](https://nespclimate.com.au/early-career-researchers-boost-communication-skills/) - The Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub’s PhD Affiliate Initiative provides opportunities for post-graduate students and early career researchers to engage with stakeholders and other researchers while developing science and stakeholder engagement skills. One of these opportunities was a science communicating workshop which explained the value of stakeholder engagement.
- [Science for sustainable cities](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-for-sustainable-cities/) - We recently hosted a Business Leaders Breakfast at the Liveable Cities conference to talk to delegates about how NESP science can inform sustainable urban planning and development.
- [Science webinar: The why, how and when of producing climate projections in Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/the-why-how-and-when-of-producing-climate-projections-in-australia/) - In this webinar, Dr Michael Grose talks about climate change projections research undertaken by the Earth System and Climate Change Hub, how climate projections have been produced in the past and where they could go in the future.
- [Hub science showcased at inaugural science symposium](https://nespclimate.com.au/earth-systems-and-climate-change-hub-science-showcased-at-inaugural-science-symposium/) - Last week Hub researchers gathered together to showcase the breadth and depth of Hub climate change and Earth systems science at the Hub's inaugural science symposium.
- [Science, stakeholders and strategy at the Hub’s 2018 annual workshop](https://nespclimate.com.au/science-stakeholders-and-strategy-at-the-hubs-2018-annual-workshop/) - This year’s annual workshop focused on the path to impact of the Hub’s research and the value of its science to the Australian community.
- [Climate drivers of the 2015 Gulf of Carpentaria mangrove dieback](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-drivers-of-the-2015-gulf-of-carpentaria-mangrove-dieback/) - A major mangrove dieback in the Gulf of Carpentaria in late 2015 was most likely a result of conditions that were unprecedented since at least 1971 and linked to the strong 2015/16 El Niño.
- [Climate science to underpin innovation in agriculture](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-science-to-underpin-innovation-in-agriculture/) - “… Investing in climate science and knowledge and innovation has been, and will continue to be crucial to the continued success of agriculture.” 7 April 2017 Jack Knowles In early March, Australia’s agriculture sector converged on Canberra for the Outlook Conference, ABARE’s annual showcase of the importance of agriculture to Australia. Outlook once again grabbed the
- [Science webinar: Nature-based opportunities for climate adaptation in the coastal zone](https://nespclimate.com.au/nature-based-opportunities-for-climate-adaptation-in-the-coastal-zone/) - In this webinar, Professor Stephen Swearer discusses the current evidence for the efficacy of nature-based approaches in comparison to artificial coastal protection and presents several case studies to illustrate the types of projects needed to encourage the wider use of ecologically engineered shoreline protection schemes in Australia.
- [Science webinar: How will rainfall change in Northern Australia over the coming century?](https://nespclimate.com.au/how-will-rainfall-change-in-northern-australia-over-the-coming-century/) - In this webinar, Dr Josephine Brown talks about her work exploring the causes of model uncertainty in projections of Northern Australian rainfall, including efforts to limit this uncertainty using information about model skill, observations of recent trends and understanding of the relevant physical processes. This information will be used to improve the next generation of regional projections.
- [Science webinar: Climate analogues: a way to experience the future (climate)](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-analogues-a-way-to-experience-the-future-climate/) - In this webinar John Clarke provides a demonstration of how to use the Climate Analogues tool and tailor the results to meet individual needs. A brief introduction to the Climate Change in Australia website is also provided.
- [Science webinar: Towards predicting ocean temperature extremes](https://nespclimate.com.au/towards-predicting-ocean-temperature-extremes/) - In this webinar on 20 February 2018, Saurabh Rathore will talk about climate change and ocean heat uptake in the Indian Ocean.
- [Science webinar: Ocean heat uptake in a changing climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/webinar-ocean-heat-content/) - In this webinar on 20 February 2018, Saurabh Rathore will talk about climate change and ocean heat uptake in the Indian Ocean.
- [Science webinar: The Global Carbon Budget 2017 and COP23](https://nespclimate.com.au/webinar-the-global-carbon-budget-2017-and-cop23/) - Dr Pep Canadell discusses the trends in the 2017 Global Carbon Budget.
- [Science webinar: Atmosphere, aerosols and ACCESS](https://nespclimate.com.au/webinar-atmosphere-aerosols-access/) - In this webinar on 16 January 2018, Dr Matt Woodhouse talked about marine aerosols and how we can use the ACCESS composition-climate model for a better understanding of the Earth system.
- [Something in the air: how determining the composition of the Southern Ocean atmosphere will give us better climate projections](https://nespclimate.com.au/something-in-the-air/) - Aerosol and cloud data being collected in the Southern Ocean will help assess and improve climate modelling, improving our confidence in climate projections.
- [Conditions more conducive for pyroconvection](https://nespclimate.com.au/conditions-more-conducive-for-pyroconvection/) - Hub researchers found that conditions favourable for bushfires to cause their own storms (which can lead to extremely dangerous bushfires) have increased in south-eastern Australia since 1979.
- [Not just heat: even our spring frosts can bear the fingerprint of climate change](https://nespclimate.com.au/not-just-heat-even-our-spring-frosts-can-bear-the-fingerprint-of-climate-change/) - Climate change affects more than temperature – we've also seen the fingerprint of climate change on frosts and extreme rainfall.
- [Fossil fuel emissions hit record high after unexpected growth: Global Carbon Budget 2017](https://nespclimate.com.au/global-carbon-budget-2017/) - 'No room for complacency' – that's the big message from the latest Global Carbon Budget, which reports global greenhouse emissions from fossil fuels and industry are on track to grow by 2% in 2017, reaching a new record high of 37 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide.
- [More dangerous bushfire conditions due to climate change](https://nespclimate.com.au/more-dangerous-bushfire-conditions-due-to-climate-change/) - Analysis of 67 years of fire weather data shows a clear link between climate change and bushfire conditions, including a trend to more dangerous fire weather.
- [IPCC special report authors meet in Fiji](https://nespclimate.com.au/ipcc-special-report-authors-meet-in-fiji/) - Two Hub researchers are among the 100 expert authors preparing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate.
- [Satellites are giving us a commanding view of Earth's carbon cycle](https://nespclimate.com.au/satellites-are-giving-us-a-commanding-view-of-earths-carbon-cycle/) - Satellite data is increasingly supporting carbon cycle monitoring, but there are still some limitations on what the data can tell us.
- [Managing climate risk to 2030](https://nespclimate.com.au/managing-climate-risk-to-2030/) - Managing climate risk to 2030 means accounting for both climate change and natural variability.
- [Understanding extreme weather: examining the past to inform the future](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-extreme-weather-examining-the-past-to-inform-the-future/) - Hub researchers are using observations of the past and current climate, and model outputs for the projected future climate, to better understand extreme weather events.
- [Warmer climate, fewer frosts? Well...](https://nespclimate.com.au/warmer-climate-fewer-frosts-well/) - As strange as it sounds, global warming could actually be increasing the odds of some types of cold extremes in some places.
- [Breathing new life into old tide records](https://nespclimate.com.au/breathing-new-life-into-old-tide-records/) - By digitising old tide records we will be able to analye how extreme sea levels along Australia’s coastline have changed over time – and you can be involved!
- [Hub's reach extends into the Pacific](https://nespclimate.com.au/hubs-reach-extends-into-the-pacific/) - Benefits from the Hub's regional climate change science and work to make it more accessible and useful for stakeholders are extending into the Pacific.
- [Rising carbon dioxide is making the world's plants more water-wise](https://nespclimate.com.au/rising-carbon-dioxide-is-making-the-worlds-plants-more-water-wise/) - Water is the most precious resource needed for plants to grow, and our research suggests that vegetation is becoming much better at using it in a world in which carbon dioxide levels continue to rise.
- [Contributions to sea-level rise have increased by half since 1993, largely because of Greenland's ice](https://nespclimate.com.au/contributions-to-sea-level-rise-have-increased/) - Greenland’s contribution to sea-level rise is increasing due to both increased surface melting and flow of ice into the ocean.
- [Adding a new dimension to fire weather warnings](https://nespclimate.com.au/adding-a-new-dimension-to-fire-weather-warnings/) - A new fire weather climatology will inform our understanding of the climate changes that are already occurring, and those still to come.
- [Methane from food production might be the next wildcard in climate change](https://nespclimate.com.au/methane-from-food-production-might-be-the-next-wildcard-in-climate-change/) - The latest global methane budget reveals that methane concentrations are growing in the atmosphere faster than any time in the past 20 years.
- [Droughts and flooding rains already more likely as climate change plays havoc with Pacific weather](https://nespclimate.com.au/droughts-and-flooding-rains-already-more-likely-as-climate-change-plays-havoc-with-pacific-weather/) - Global warming has already increased the risk of major disruptions to Pacific rainfall and will continue to do so over coming decades.
- [Climate change played a role in Australia's hottest October and Tasmania's big dry in 2015](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-change-played-a-role-in-australias-hottest-october-and-tasmanias-big-dry-in-2015/) - While short-term weather patterns and the El Niño contributed to climate extremes in October 2015, climate records would have been substantially less likely to fall without human-induced climate change.
- [Fossil fuel emissions have stalled: Global Carbon Budget 2016](https://nespclimate.com.au/fossil-fuel-emissions-have-stalled-global-carbon-budget-2016/) - 14 November 2016 Pep Canadell, Corinne Le Quéré, Glen Peters and Rob Jackson Pep Canadell is the Chief Investigator for the ESCC Hub’s Project 2.9: Risk assessment for future carbon sources and sinks. For the third year in a row, global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and industry have barely grown, while the global
- [We can still keep global warming below 2℃ – but the hard work is about to start](https://nespclimate.com.au/we-can-still-keep-global-warming-below-2℃-but-the-hard-work-is-about-to-start/) - Global fossil fuel emissions have stalled over the past three years, but does this mean we are on track to keep global warming below 2℃ as agreed in Paris?
- [Climate research and Australian business: it's time to engage](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-research-and-australian-business-its-time-to-engage/) - Chair of our Stakeholder Advisory Group, Nick Wood, believes that the time is ripe for Australian business to show effective engagement with climate research.
- [Gone but not forgotten: the ACCSP officially concludes](https://nespclimate.com.au/gone-but-not-forgotten-accsp/) - 7 December 2016 On 30 November, the Australian Climate Change Science Programme (ACCSP), Australia’s longest running climate science programme, officially wrapped up. In the process of delivering policy-relevant climate science for Australia for 27 years, the ACCSP built the national climate science capability, supported the increasing international reach of Australian climate science, and expanded our
- [How reliable are climate projections?](https://nespclimate.com.au/how-reliable-are-climate-projections/) - Climate projections from the early 1990s are in line with observations, but natural climate variability influences our perception of reliability.
- [Global food production threatens to overwhelm efforts to combat climate change](https://nespclimate.com.au/global-food-production/) - We need to include all three major greenhouse gases in global and regional climate impact assessments, mitigation options and climate policy development.
- [What does the science really say about sea-level rise?](https://nespclimate.com.au/what-does-the-science-really-say-about-sea-level-rise/) - The question is How far and how fast will sea levels rise, compared with Earth’s previous history of major sea-level changes?
- [The ESCC Hub: climate science for extraordinary times](https://nespclimate.com.au/the-escc-hub-climate-science-for-extraordinary-times/) - ESCC Hub leader Helen Cleugh talks about the role of the Hub in delivering Australian climate science.
- [Rising carbon dioxide is greening the Earth – but it's not all good news](https://nespclimate.com.au/rising-carbon-dioxide-is-greening-the-earth-but-its-not-all-good-news/) - Research shows that the world has been getting greener over the past 30 years.
- [Understanding coastal hazards to reduce impacts](https://nespclimate.com.au/understanding-coastal-hazards-to-reduce-impacts/) - Our research into sea level, storm surges and waves will inform policy, planning and development decisions.
- [Looking to the future with climate projections](https://nespclimate.com.au/looking-to-the-future-with-climate-projections/) - Climate projections give us the chance to understand how the climate may change, and information to help manage the potential impacts.
- [Climate information](https://nespclimate.com.au/climate-information/) - We're building the utility of Earth systems and climate change information by: working with our partners and NESP to establish a National Centre for Coasts and Climate. researching to inform the lowest cost abatement opportunities, by both cost and weighted potential for mitigation. engaging with stakeholders to ensure that the information is being provided in
- [Future climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/future-climate/) - We're improving our understanding of how the climate system may change in the future by: investigating how human activities will continue to influence the carbon cycle and change the chemistry and physical state of our oceans, atmosphere and terrestrial systems. improving understanding and simulation of Southern Hemisphere climate drivers in our climate models (especially ACCESS)

## Pages

- [Our science](https://nespclimate.com.au/research/) - ESCC Hub research is being undertaken to ensure that Australia's policies and management decisions are effectively informed by Earth systems and climate change science, now and into the future.
- [News and announcements](https://nespclimate.com.au/staff/news-and-announcements/) - 10 January 2019 The Department has approved the Hub’s fifth Research Plan RPV5 and it was publicly announced by the Minister in her media release 27 December. The full version of RPV5 is posted in the Research Planning staff planning section below, and also on the Hub’s SharePoint site.
- [Staff login](https://nespclimate.com.au/membership-login/)
- [Hub staff area](https://nespclimate.com.au/staff/) - Latest news and announcements See all posts>> Staff forums
- [My profile](https://nespclimate.com.au/membership-login/membership-profile/) - [swpm_profile_form]
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## Forums

- [Reporting](https://nespclimate.com.au/staff/forums/forum/reporting/)
- [Stakeholder engagement](https://nespclimate.com.au/staff/forums/forum/stakeholder-engagement/)
- [RPV5](https://nespclimate.com.au/staff/forums/forum/rpv5/)

## Topics

- [Submission of the first draft of RPV5 tot he Department](https://nespclimate.com.au/staff/forums/topic/submission-of-the-first-draft-of-rpv5-tot-he-department/) - The first draft of the Hub's RPV5 was submitted to the Department on the 14th September 2018. The Department is currently reviewing the draft and will provide all feedback by October 19th. the Hub then has until 12 November to address all feedback before submitting the final report.
- [Test topic](https://nespclimate.com.au/staff/forums/topic/test-topic/) - The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

## Portfolio

- [Sea level projections](https://nespclimate.com.au/portfolio/sea-level-projections/) - Sea level projections for NCCARF PROJECT 2.12: We will provide to NCCARF the latest projections of sea-level rise for each coastal local government area in Australia, including all mainland and Tasmanian Councils and the Torres Strait Islands; and communicate the information in guidance material and stakeholder workshops. Our goal is to ensure that our current
- [Risk assessment of future carbon sources and sinks](https://nespclimate.com.au/portfolio/risk-assessment-of-future-carbon-sources-and-sinks/) - PROJECT 2.9 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cumt sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nulla onsequat mas quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit pernatur aut odit aut fugit,

## Categories

- [Uncategorized](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/uncategorized/)
- [Climate challenges](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/climate-challenges/) - The ESCC Hub will provide knowledge, information and tools to help Australia meet five of its top climate challenges. Our research project portfolio has been designed to address these challenges, delivering clear benefits for Australia. Our research will also address additional important challenges in a range of sectors, including health, heritage, infrastructure and national security.
- [Research priorities](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/research/research-priorities/) - Our research priorities guide the development and delivery of our research portfolio, ensuring that the Hub delivers relevant and practical research that will address the needs of our stakeholders. These priorities will be revisited regularly in consultation with the Department of the Environment and Energy, the Minister, other hubs and our stakeholders.
- [News](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/news/)
- [Research projects](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/research/research-projects/)
- [Science impact](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/science-impact/) - The Hub’s research delivers outcome-focused science designed to better understand and address our national climate challenges. This science produces peer-reviewed data, information and associated knowledge including user-friendly products and services tailored to the needs of our stakeholders and to inform other research, policy development, impact/risk assessment, management planning and associated decision-making. The Hub is working with key stakeholders in six key target user groups through co-designed case studies and activities and using a range of outreach methodologies, products and services to meet their needs for climate change data, information and knowledge now and into the future.
- [Resources](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/resources/) - Delivering knowledge, information, and data products and services is one of the Hub’s key roles. Here you will find a range of publications that report on Hub research, as well as access to data and tools developed by the Hub. We’ve also compiled a list of links to useful resources for Earth systems and climate science.
- [About ESCC Hub](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/about-escc-hub/)
- [Co-designed activities](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/research/co-designed-activities/)
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- [Training](https://nespclimate.com.au/category/training/)

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- [Hydroclimate and water resources](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/hydroclimate-and-water-resources/)
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- [local government impact](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/local-government-impact/)
- [CMIP6](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/cmip6/)
- [model improvements](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/model-improvements/)
- [World Heritage](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/world-heritage/)
- [Western Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/western-australia/)
- [ENSO](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/enso/)
- [capability](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/capability/)
- [future directions](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/future-directions/)
- [climate change science](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-change-science/)
- [southern Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/southern-australia/)
- [thresholds](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/thresholds/)
- [coastal hazards](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/coastal-hazards/)
- [sea level rise](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/sea-level-rise/)
- [tools](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/tools/)
- [Gondwana](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/gondwana/)
- [rainforests](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/rainforests/)
- [marine heatwaves](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/marine-heatwaves/)
- [decadal prediction](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/decadal-prediction/)
- [ocean temperatures](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/ocean-temperatures/)
- [Case study 5.1](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-5-1/)
- [Indigenous communities impact](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/indigenous-communities-impact/)
- [State government impact](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/state-government-impact/)
- [Case study 3.7](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-3-7/)
- [Case study 4.4](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-4-4/)
- [Case study 5.2](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-5-2/)
- [government authority agencies impact](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/government-authority-agencies-impact/)
- [financial services impact](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/financial-services-impact/)
- [federal government impact](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/federal-government-impact/)
- [Case study 4.2](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-4-2/)
- [Case study 4.3](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-4-3/)
- [extreme temperatures](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/extreme-temperatures/)
- [extreme temperature records](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/extreme-temperature-records/)
- [coastal erosion](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/coastal-erosion/)
- [bushfire](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/bushfire/)
- [Project 5.1](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/project-5-1/)
- [Project 5.2](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/project-5-2/)
- [Project 5.7](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/project-5-7/)
- [Project 5.3](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/project-5-3/)
- [Project 5.9](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/project-5-9/)
- [Project 5.8](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/project-5-8/)
- [Project 5.5](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/project-5-5/)
- [Project 5.6](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/project-5-6/)
- [Case study 4.1](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-4-1/)
- [climate projections](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-projections/)
- [extreme events](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/extreme-events/)
- [Project 5.4](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/project-5-4/)
- [water systems](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/water-systems/)
- [climate risk](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-risk/)
- [decision scaling](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/decision-scaling/)
- [drought](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/drought/)
- [climate drivers](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-drivers/)
- [El Nino](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/el-nino/)
- [La Nina](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/la-nina/)
- [ocean currents](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/ocean-currents/)
- [ocean change](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/ocean-change/)
- [deep ocean](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/deep-ocean/)
- [weather hazards](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/weather-hazards/)
- [Antarctica](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/antarctica/)
- [greenhouse gas emissions](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/greenhouse-gas-emissions/)
- [nitrous oxide](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/nitrous-oxide/)
- [Case study 6.1](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-6-1/)
- [land carbon cycle](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/land-carbon-cycle/)
- [CABLE](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/cable/)
- [ocean waves](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/ocean-waves/)
- [government review](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/government-review/)
- [emission scenarios](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/emission-scenarios/)
- [Case study 5.6](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-5-6/)
- [Financial services sector](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/financial-services-sector/)
- [Eco-engineering](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/eco-engineering/)
- [blue carbon ecosystems](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/blue-carbon-ecosystems/)
- [coastal protection](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/coastal-protection/)
- [cryosphere](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/cryosphere/)
- [case study 4.5](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-4-5/)
- [socio-economic benefits](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/socio-economic-benefits/)
- [return on investment](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/return-on-investment/)
- [change change science](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/change-change-science/)
- [climate services](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-services/)
- [KE4CAP](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/ke4cap/)
- [climate action](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-action/)
- [climate information](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-information/)
- [Case study 5.4](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-5-4/)
- [Case study 5.5](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-5-5/)
- [Case study 6.3](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-6-3/)
- [Case study 6.4](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-6-4/)
- [Case study 6.6](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-6-6/)
- [Case study 6.8](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-6-8/)
- [Case study 6.9](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-6-9/)
- [Global Carbon Project](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/global-carbon-project/)
- [climate change impacts](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-change-impacts/)
- [Northern Territory](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/northern-territory/)
- [Mangoes](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/mangoes/)
- [Climate Change in Australia](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-change-in-australia/)
- [risk assessment](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/risk-assessment/)
- [using climate science](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/using-climate-science/)
- [methane budget](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/methane-budget/)
- [shoreline change](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/shoreline-change/)
- [Bushfire conditions](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/bushfire-conditions/)
- [decadal forecasts](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/decadal-forecasts/)
- [scenario analysis](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/scenario-analysis/)
- [financial disclosure](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/financial-disclosure/)
- [climate risks](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-risks/)
- [World heritage Areas](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/world-heritage-areas/)
- [Adaptation planning](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/adaptation-planning/)
- [Flash drought](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/flash-drought/)
- [Climate variability and change](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/climate-variability-and-change/)
- [soil moisture](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/soil-moisture/)
- [State of the Climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/state-of-the-climate/)
- [case study 5.7](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/case-study-5-7/)
- [natural diaster](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/natural-diaster/)
- [NDRISC](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/ndrisc/)
- [website](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/website/)
- [data and information](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/data-and-information/)
- [cyclones](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/cyclones/)
- [flashdrought](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/flashdrought/)
- [water futures](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/water-futures/)
- [nature-based methods](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/nature-based-methods/)
- [coasts](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/coasts/)
- [wind-waves](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/wind-waves/)
- [ocean monitoring](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/ocean-monitoring/)
- [extreme attribution](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/extreme-attribution/)
- [environmental flows](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/environmental-flows/)
- [farm dam reliability](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/farm-dam-reliability/)
- [wave climate](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/wave-climate/)
- [extreme sea level rise](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/extreme-sea-level-rise/)
- [living shorelines](https://nespclimate.com.au/tag/living-shorelines/)

## Topic Tags

- [RPV5](https://nespclimate.com.au/staff/forums/topic-tag/rpv5/)

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